What is the difference between AGV and AMR?

An AGV follows a fixed route set by magnetic tape, wires, or QR codes, so it is predictable but inflexible when the layout changes. An AMR navigates with maps, LiDAR, and sensors, plans its own route, and goes around obstacles. For changing warehouse layouts, AMRs are usually the more flexible choice.

How do I choose a pallet AMR?

Start with the pallet, not the robot. Confirm the pallet type and size, its bottom structure, and the minimum and maximum load weight, then check whether the AMR must only transport the pallet or also lift it and hand it over at a conveyor or rack. Finally, match the route, floor, door widths, and moves per hour.

How does an AMR connect to WMS/MES?

An AMR usually receives jobs from the WMS or MES through the fleet manager or robot control software, using standard interfaces such as APIs, REST, MQTT, or PLC signals. The WMS sends a pickup and drop-off task, the fleet manager assigns it to an available AMR, and the AMR reports its status and task completion back.

What about CE and safety in Europe?

AMRs used in Europe must carry CE marking and meet the applicable Machinery Regulation and harmonised safety standards, including EN ISO 3691-4 for driverless industrial trucks. The integrator must complete a risk assessment for the actual site, route, and load, and confirm safety scanners, speed limits, emergency stops, and safe interaction with people.

What is FAT, and why test in China first?

FAT is factory acceptance testing: the robot is checked against the agreed specification, load, route, and interfaces before it leaves the factory. Testing in China first catches wiring, software, sensor, or handover problems where the supplier can fix them quickly, so the integrator avoids costly delays and rework after delivery in Europe.